Most Bahá’í social and economic development efforts are fairly simple activities of fixed duration in which Bahá’ís around the world address the problems and challenges faced by their localities through the application of spiritual principles. These activities either originate in the Bahá’í communities themselves or represent responses to invitations from other organizations. They often arise from junior youth groups or other groups of believers who are concerned with the betterment of their community. Among such activities are informal tutorial classes for children or youth, workshops and seminars, short-term training courses, tree-planting and clean-up projects, planting gardens or common plots, health camps, and efforts to discuss or raise consciousness about such topics as the equality of men and women, education of children, parenting, and health.